The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It organizes all known elements in a way that reflects their periodic trends and similarities. Elements in the periodic table are arranged in rows and columns, which are called periods and groups, respectively.
Invented by: The modern periodic table was developed independently by two scientists, Dmitri Mendeleev and Julius Lothar Meyer, in the 1860s. Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, is often credited with the initial version of the periodic table, which he published in 1869.
Use of the periodic table:
Element Classification: The periodic table classifies all known elements into periods and groups based on their properties. This arrangement allows scientists to easily identify and understand the characteristics of different elements.
Predicting Element Properties: The periodic table's structure helps predict the properties of new or undiscovered elements, as elements within the same group tend to exhibit similar chemical behaviors.
Balancing Chemical Equations: Chemists use the periodic table to determine the atomic masses and atomic numbers of elements involved in chemical reactions, helping them balance equations and understand the quantities of reactants and products.
Understanding Electron Configurations: The arrangement of elements in the periodic table reflects electron configurations, providing insights into the distribution of electrons in atoms and their chemical reactivity.
Atomic Number:
The atomic number is a fundamental property of each chemical element. It represents the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. In a neutral atom, the atomic number also corresponds to the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus. The atomic number is typically denoted by the letter "Z." For example, hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1, indicating it has one proton and one electron, while carbon (C) has an atomic number of 6, indicating it has six protons and six electrons.
The periodic table is arranged in ascending order of atomic numbers, which allows elements with similar properties to be grouped together, showcasing the periodicity of their chemical behaviors.
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminium Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Co 27
Nickel Ni 28
Copper Cu 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic As 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Cesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium Ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cn 112
Nihonium Nh 113
Flerovium Fl 114
Moscovium Mc 115
Livermorium Lv 116
Tennessine Ts 117
Oganesson Og 118
